Organic Devil's Claw Powder
500 mg · the largest ingredient
First by weight, and the one the brand's own marketing panel leaves out entirely. It is a powder rather than an extract, and no harpagoside percentage is stated — which is the figure the research is usually expressed in.
MSM
300 mg · a fifth of a common trial dose
Methylsulfonylmethane. Trials in knee osteoarthritis have generally used 1.5 to 6 grams a day. 300 mg is well under the bottom of that range, and the label does not claim otherwise — it just prints the number and lets you check.
Glucosamine Hydrochloride
200 mg · 13% of a studied dose
The usual dose in glucosamine trials is 1,500 mg a day. This is 200 mg, so about one eighth. NCCIH also notes that studies of prescription glucosamine sulfate showed more favourable results than those using other formulations — and this is the hydrochloride.
Pine Bark Extract
150 mg · inside the studied range
The best-specified ingredient on the label: 150 mg of <i>Pinus massoniana</i> bark, standardised to 95% proanthocyanidins. Pine bark extracts are commonly studied at 100 to 200 mg a day, so this sits inside that band and the standardisation lets you check it.
White Willow Bark Extract
150 mg · the one to ask about
Willow bark contains salicin, from which aspirin was originally derived. Sloan Kettering warns against it with warfarin or other blood thinners, with NSAIDs, in aspirin sensitivity, and in children because of Reye syndrome. No salicin percentage is stated.
Black Pepper Extract
10 mg · standardised, and doing a job
Standardised to 95% piperine. Piperine is the compound used to improve the absorption of other ingredients, so a small, standardised amount here is a formulation decision rather than a filler. It is the second of the two extracts on this label that state what they are standardised to.
Vitamin B6
0.5 mg · 29% DV
As pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, the activated form, which is a more expensive choice than plain pyridoxine hydrochloride. 29% of the 1.7 mg Daily Value.
Magnesium
100 mg · 24% DV
As an amino acid chelate rather than the oxide. The NIH lists the oxide among the least well absorbed forms, so this is the better of the two common options, at a quarter of the 420 mg Daily Value.
Zinc
10 mg · 91% DV
As an amino acid chelate, at 91% of the 11 mg Daily Value. Comfortably under the 40 mg tolerable upper intake level for adults.
Copper
2 mg · 222% DV
222% of a 0.9 mg Daily Value, and under the 10 mg upper limit. It is there for a reason: the NIH notes that excessive zinc supplementation can lead to copper deficiency, so a zinc formula that includes copper is doing the sensible thing.